a)

Gọi số mol Na, Ca là a, b (mol)

=> 23a + 40b = 17,2 (1)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

            a---------------->a------>0,5a

             Ca + 2H₂O --> Ca(OH)₂ + H₂

             b---------------->b------>b

=> 0,5a + b = 0,4 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,4 (mol); b = 0,2 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,4.23}{17,2}.100\%=53,49\%\\\%m_{Ca}=\dfrac{0,2.40}{17,2}.100\%=46,51\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) 

m_NaOH = 0,4.40 = 16 (g)

m_Ca(OH)2 = 0,2.74 = 14,8 (g)

m_{dd sau pư} = 17,2 + 120 - 0,4.2 = 136,4 (g)

nH2= 0,35(mol)

a) PTHH: Mg +  2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

x_________2x_______x______x(mol)

PTHH: Fe + 2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

y________2y________y_____y(mol)

Ta có hpt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=13,2\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) m=m(muối khan)= mMgCl2 + mFeCl2= 95.x+127y=95.0,2+127.0,15= 38,05(g)

a)

Gọi 

\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Mg} = b(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 56a + 24b = 13,2(1)\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\)

Theo PTHH : \(n_{H_2} = a + b = 0,35(mol)\)(2)

Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,15 ;b = 0,2

Vậy : 

\(\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,15.56}{13,2}.100\% = 63,64\%\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg} = 100\% - 63,64\% = 36,36\%\)

b)

Ta có :\(n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,7(mol)\)

Bảo toàn khối lượng :

\(m_{muối} = m_{kim\ loại} + m_{HCl} - m_{H_2} = 13,2 + 0,7.36,5 - 0,35.2=38,05(gam)\)

\(Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\22,4a+22,4.1,5.b=5,6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ a,\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\approx47,059\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx100\%-47,059\%\approx52,941\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.\left(0,1+0,1.1,5\right)=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(l\right)\)

a)\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

   x           2x            x             x

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

y            3y          y             1,5y

Ta có hệ:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=5,1\\x+1,5y=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot24}{5,1}\cdot100\%=47,06\%\)

\(\%m_{Al}=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)

b)\(\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=2\cdot0,1+3\cdot0,1=0,5mol\)

\(V=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25l=250ml\)

\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,2mol\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2g\\ m_{Cu}=25-11,2=13,8g\\ b,\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{25}\cdot100=44,8\%\\ \%m_{Cu}=100-44,8=55,2\%\)
c, Gọi CTHH của sắt là \(Fe_xO_y\)

\(Fe_xO_y+yH_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}xFe+yH_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_xO_y}=n_{H_2}:y\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{11,6}{56x+16y}=\dfrac{0,2}{y}\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y=11,2x+3,2y\\ \Leftrightarrow11,6y-3,2y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow8,4y=11,2x\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{8,4}{11,2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ \Rightarrow x=3;y=4\\ \Rightarrow CTHH:Fe_3O_4\)

- Kim loại Cu sẽ không tan trong dung dịch HCl ở đk thường. Nên nó sẽ là kim loại duy nhất trong hỗn hợp này tác dụng với dd H₂SO_{4 đặc,nóng} .

\(Cu+2H_2SO_{4\left(đặc,nóng\right)}\rightarrow CuSO_4+SO_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{Cu}=n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

=> m_Cu= 0,1.64=6,4(g)

\(\rightarrow m_{hh\left(Mg,Al\right)}=11,5-6,4=5,1\left(g\right)\\ Đặt\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{11,5}.100\approx55,652\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24.0,1}{11,5}.100\approx20,87\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,1}{11,5}.100\approx23,478\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Chọn A